TAJWEED RULES TO BE OBSERVED WHEN RECITING THE HOLY QUR’AN

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TAJWEED RULES TO BE OBSERVED WHEN RECITING THE HOLY QUR’AN

 

THE AADAAB OF RECITING THE HOLY QUR’AN

  • The reciter of the Holy Qur’an must perform the ritual ablution (wudhu).
  • The intention when reciting the Holy Qur’an should be to gain the pleasure of Allah.
  • The voice should not be raised to such an extent where your recital will disturb others who are also engaged in some form of worship.
  • The reciter of the Holy Qur’an must sit in a dignified position facing the Ka’bah.
  • When commencing with the recitation of the Holy Qur’an -start by reciting:

 

 

“I seek Allah’s protection from Satan, the accursed.”
And thereafter recite:

“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. ”

 

The place of origin of the Arabic letters

To know the origin of any letter of the Arabic Alphabet, place
a SUKOON () on it and precede it with an ALIF () with a FATHA ().

Example: will give us the origin of the letter

 

The Place of Origin of the Arabic Letters

NameLetterPlace of Origin
The Aerial Lettersا و يOriginates from the emptiness of the mouth.
The Guttural LettersهـOriginates from the back of the throat (larynx).
حOriginates from the back center of the throat.
خOriginates from the upper portion of the throat.
Velar Lettersق كThe back of the tongue rises and touches the soft palate.
Platal Lettersج شThe center of the tongue touches the upper palate.

NameLetterPlace of Origin
The LetterضThe upturned sides of the tongue touch the gums of the upper back teeth.
The Liquidsل نOriginates when the tip of the tongue touches the upper hard palate.
The Dental Lettersت د طOriginates when the tip of the tongue touches the gums of the upper two front teeth.
The Gingival Lettersث ذ ظOriginates when the tip of the tongue touches the edge of the upper two front teeth.
Tip of the Tongueز س صOriginates when the tip of the tongue rises towards the upper palate, touching the gums behind the upper two front teeth.
The Labial Lettersب م فOriginates from the lips.
فOriginates when the inner portion of the bottom lip meets the edge of the two upper front teeth.

 

 

 

TAJWEED

Reciting the Holy QUR’AN with TAJWEED means to pronounce every letter with all its articulative qualities such as the correct prolongation, merging, conversion, distinctness and pauses. Reciting the Qur’an with TAJWEED allows the reciter to emphasise the accent, phonetics, rhythm and temper of the Qur’anic recitation.

QALQALA

When the letters of QALQALA has a SUKOON() on it, it will be read with an echoing or jerking sound.

The letters of QALQALA are:

In the examples that follows, the QALQALA letter with a SUKOON appears in the red colour. Care should be taken when reciting, not to jerk the letter to the extent where it will sound as if the letter has a FATHA on it.

 

Qalqala letters

Extract from Verse

When a stop is made at the end of the sentences below, the rule of QALQALA will apply. The last letter becomes SAAKIN irrespective of the vowel sign, thus resulting in the QALQALA letter being read with an echoing or jerking sound.

 

Qalqala letters

 

نون اور میم مشردہ NOON AND MEEM MUSHADDADAH
When the letters () and () has a SHADDAH (w) on it() it will be
recited with GHUNNA. The nasalization should not exceed the duration of two HARAKAAT. (2-3 second duration.

 

Surah Number
Verse Number

Mushaddadah
letters

 

IKHFA-NOON SAAKIN AND TANWEEN

If any of the 15 letters of IKHFA below come after a Noon SAAKIN () or TANWEEN (9) the word must be read with a light nasal sound in the nose for a duration of two HARAKAAT.(2-3 second duration).

The letters of IKHFA are….

Surah Number Verse Number
آیت نمبر سورت نمبر

 

Ikhfa Letters

Extract from Verse

 

THE RULE OF MEEM SAAKIN (?)

There are three rules regarding the MEEM SAAKIN
1. IKHFA SHAFAWI
2. IDGHAAM SHAFAWI
3. ITHAAR SHAFAWI
1. IKHFA SHAFAWI-MEEM SAAKIN

When the letter BA () appears after a MEEM SAAKIN (?) there will be IKHFA SHAFAWI. It will be pronounced with a light nasal sound in the nose

(۱) اخفاء شفوی میم ساکن (for a duration of 2 HARAKAAT.(2-3 second duration جب صرف

 

Ikhfa Shafawi-Meem Saakin
اختفاء شفوی میم ساکن آیت سے اقتباس
Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse

2. IDGHAAM SHAFAWI-MEEM SAAKIN (??)
IDGHAAM will occur. In other words, the two MEEMS will become
,(۳) there appears a MEEM MUSHADDADAH (م) If after a MEEM SAAKIN

(۲) ادغام شفوی… میم ساکن (incorporated and be read with GHUNNA (nasalization اگر میم ساکن کے بعد میم مشدد ( م ) آئے تو یہاں ادغام ہوگا۔ اس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ ایک ( م ) کو دوسرے ( م ) میں داخل کر دینا۔ اور وہ اس صورت میں کہ ایک ساتھ ملا کر غتہ یعنی ناک سے ادا کی جائے گی۔
Ikhfa Shafawi-Meem Saakin
اخفاء شفوی میم ساکن آیت سے اقتباس
Extract from Verse
Surah Number Verse Number
آیت نمبر سورت نمبر
16
57
وَلَهُم مَّا يَشْتَهُونَ
WA
3. ITHAAR SHAFAWI-MEEM SAAKIN (?)
When after a MEEM SAAKIN (?) there appears any of the 26 letters other than the letters BA () and MEEM (P) there will be ITHAAR SHAFAWI. No GHUNNA will occur.

 

Ikhfa Shafawi-Meem Saakin

Extract from Verse
Surah Number Verse Number

26 Letters other
than or

 

 

THE RULE OF THE LETTER LAAM
When a letter with FATHA () or DHAMMA (9) appears before the name of ALLAH, it will be pronounced with a broad sound or full mouth.

 

Vowel Sign

Extract from Verse

Verse Number
Surah
Number

When a letter with a KASRA) appears of before the name of ALLAH, it will be pronounced with a thin sound or an empty mouth.

 

Surah Number
Verse Number

Extract from Verse
Vowel Sign

However, the LAAM MUSHADDADAH is read with a thin sound or empty mouth.

Surah Number
Verse Number

Extract from Verse

Laam Mushaddadah

 

 

Surah Number Verse Number

 

Ikhfa Letters

Extract from Verse

ITHAAR-NOON SAAKIN AND TANWEEN
و
) TANWEEN (ن) When after a NOON SAKIN
) there appear any of the HUROOF HALQIYAH letters (throat letters) then it will be pronounced without GHUNNA (no nasalization).

The letters of HUROOF HALQIYAH are…

Huroof Halqiyah

Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse

نون ساکن اور تنوین IDGHAAM – NOON SAAKIN AND TANWEEN

و
IDGHAAM refers to the assimilation of one letter into the other. The rule of IDGHAAM will apply when the letters is preceded by a NOON ). The emphasis will be on the SAAKIN() or TANWEEN ( succeeding letter because of the presence of a SHADDAH (w) and will be read with GHUNNA. The nasalization should not exceed (2-3 second duration).

 

Idghaam Letters
Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse

Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse

13
13 27
151
12
45
14
44
and RAA ( ) ) the IDGHAAM will be (ل) With regard to the letters LAAM
6633
without GHUNNA, but assimilation takes place.

Idghaam Letters
Extract from Verse
Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse
Surah Number Verse Number

 

In the examples below, assimilation will not take place due to a lack of a SHADDAH (w) on the IDGHAAM letters.

Idghaam Letters
Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse
Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse
حروف ادغام آیت سے اقتباس آیت نمبر سورت نمبر آیت سے اقتباس آیت نمبر سورت نمبر
ي الحيوة الدنيا

 

IDGHAAM MUTAJAANISAYN
(Assimilation of related kind)

 

 

This rule applies when a letter in a word is SAAKIN () and the letter following it has a SHADDAH (w) and when pronounced has the same place of origin as the SAAKIN letter. The SAAKIN letter will assimilate with the vocal letter when recited.

 

Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse
Few examples to illustrate Idghaam
Mutajaanisayn

 

IQLAAB

The Alteration (NOON SAAKIN and TANWEEN)
When after a NOON SAAKIN () or TANWEEN (9) the letter BA () appears then the NOON SAAKIN or TANWEEN will become substituted by a small
.and will be recited with GHUNNA ( م ) MEEM SAAKIN

 

Surah Number Verse Number

Extract from Verse

 

 

IDGHAAM MUTAJAANISAYN
(Assimilation of related kind)

 

 

This rule applies when a letter in a word is SAAKIN () and the letter following it has a SHADDAH (w) and when pronounced has the same place of origin as the SAAKIN letter. The SAAKIN letter will assimilate with the vocal letter when recited.

 

Surah Number Verse Number
Extract from Verse
Few examples to illustrate Idghaam
Mutajaanisayn

 

 

IQLAAB

The Alteration (NOON SAAKIN and TANWEEN)
When after a NOON SAAKIN () or TANWEEN (9) the letter BA () appears then the NOON SAAKIN or TANWEEN will become substituted by a small
.and will be recited with GHUNNA ( م ) MEEM SAAKIN

 

Surah Number Verse Number

Extract from Verse

 

 

THE LETTER RAA (J) 1. A RAA() with a FATHA ( pronounced with a full mouth.
) or DHAMMA (9
حرف ر
on it should be
(1)

۔
The Letter
Surah Number Verse Number
حرف (ر) آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse آیت نمبر سورت نمبر

2.ARAA() with a KASRA() should be pronounced with an empty mouth.
Surah Number
Verse Number

The Letter
آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse حرف (ر)
تكم عند باريكم
كَلمَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِفُونَهُ
) appears before a RAA SAAKIN ()the letter RAASAAKIN() will be pronounced with a full mouth.
3. When a FATHA() or DHAMMA (
(۳) جب (ر ) ساکن سے پہلے زبر ( ) یا پیش (1) آئے تو (3) ساکن پورے منھ کی آواز میں ادا کیا جائے گا۔
The Letter Raa Saakin
آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse حرف (ز)

Surah Number
Verse Number
آیت نمبر سورت نمبر
2
7
2
252
4. If a KASRA) appears before a RAA SAAKIN() the RAA SAAKIN ( 2 ) will be read with an empty mouth.

The Letter Raa Saakin
آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse حرف (ر)
تُنْذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ .
Surah Number Verse Number

 

 

5.Ifa SHADDAH (w) appears on the letter RAA) and has either a FATHA () or DHAMMA (9) it will be pronounced with a full mouth.
(۵) اگر حرف (ق) پر تشدید ( لا ) آئے اور اس پر زبر () یا پیش (و) ہو تو اُسے پورے منھ سے ادا کیا جائے گا۔
Raa with a Shaddah
راء مشدد
آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse
Surah Number Verse Number

6.If a SHADDAH (w) appears on the letter RAA() and has a KASRA ) it will be pronounced with an empty mouth.

 

Raa with a Shaddah

آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse
مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَة
بهَا فِي ظُلمتِ البر والبحر
Surah Number Verse Number

7. When a YAA SAAKIN() appears before a RAA MOUQUF and the letter preceding the YAA SAAKIN has a KASRA (-
will be recited with an empty mouth.
) then the RAA()

 

Preceded by a Kasra
کسرہ کے بعدي آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse
ع
– في بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرة
.
ي نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ
Surah Number Verse Number

 

8. When a letter other than a YAA SAAKIN() appears before a RAA MAUQUF, and the letter has a SUKOON() on it and the letter preceding it has either a FATHA () or DHAMMA() on it then the RAA() will be recited with a full mouth.

 

Letter preceded by a Fatha/Dhamma

 

آیت سے اقتباس Extract from Verse

 

Surah Number Verse Number

The MADD-Elongation MADD The HUROOFUL MADD letters are:
MADDUL ASLI-The Original MADD
ALIF () is one the letters of MADD when it is preceded by a FATHA ( ).
WAW
و)

) is one of the letters of MADD when it is preceded by a DHAMMA

 

(Elongation of 2 HARAKAAT (QASR-shortness

 

YAA() is one of the letters of MADD when it is preceded by a KASRA ().

Surah Number Verse Number

Hurooful Madd

 

 

MADDUL MUTTASIL(~)
(The joined MADD)
مد متصل ه
When a HUROOFULMADD letter () is followed by a HAMZA () in the same word, the MADD is known as MADDULMUTTASIL.
The length of recitation of the MADDULMUTTASIL will be TUL (lengthy). i.e. 4 to 6 HARKAAT long. (4-6 second duration).

 

Surah
Verse
Number Number
Surah Verse
Extract from Verse Number Number Extract from Verse
Hurooful Madd

4 يَوْمَةٍ
وجاني يومين 23
13
89
MADDUL MUNFASIL()
(The detached MADD)
إِذَا جَاء نَصْرُ
و
سُوءًا أو يظلم 110
ي
هنيئا مرييا
مد منفصل ۔
and the ( اوي ( If word ends in one of the HROOFUL MADD letters
following word begins with a HAMZA (/) then that MADD is known as MADDUL MUNFASIL. The length of recitation of the MADDUL MUNFASIL will be TAWASSUT (intermediate).
i.e. 3 to 5 HARAKAAT long. (3-5 second duration).

Number Number Extract from Verse Number Number Extract from Verse
Hurooful Madd

 

 

MADDUL LAAZIM (~)
(Compulsory MADD)
مد لازم
It is imperative to pronounce the HUROOF MUQATTAAAT which appears at the beginning of a SURAH. This MADD is called MADDUL LAAZIM. The length of recitation of MADDUL LAAZIM will be TUL (lengthy). i.e. 6 HARAKAAT long. (6 second duration).

 

Surah
Verse
Number
Number
Huroof Muqatta Aat
Surah Number
Verse
Number
Huroof Muqatta Aat
آیت نمبر سورت نمبر حروف مقطعات آیت نمبر سورت نمبر حروف مقطعات
50

MADDULAARIDH
(The abrupt stop MADD)
If after any HUROOFULMADD letter (1) there appears a SAAKIN which is caused by a WAQAF (stop) then such a MADD is known as MADDULAARIDH. The length of recitation of the MADDULAARIDH will be TAWASSUT (intermediate)i.e. 2 to 5 HARAKAAT long.(2-5 second duration)

 

Surah Number Verse Number

Extract from Verse
Hurooful Madd

 

Sun Letters
Definite article preceded by letter/word
Definite article attached to word

 

Surah Number
Verse Number

 

وَكَانَ الشَّيْطنُ 29 25
الصمدة
الله الصمدن
وج

 

 

 

THE SUN LETTERS

is attached to an indefinite word, the
ان ) When the definite article الشَّجَرَةُ شَجَرَة changes into a short vowel.i.e (1
TANWEEN (9

An indefinite word, e.g. beginning with a SUN LETTER and with the definite article) attached to it, () results in the LLAM (J) not being pronounced.

The ALIF () in the definite article (J) is recited and merges with the SUN
الشجرة .LETTER which now has a SHADDAH( ) on it when recited. e.g
The SHADDAH() sign is an indication that the pronunciation must be hardened.
However, if the definite article (J) is preceded by a word or letter then it
تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ .will not be pronounced. e.g

 

The SUN letters are:
د ذ
ر
ز س
3
3
ض
ط ظ ل
21

 

Sun Letters
Definite article preceded by letter/word
Definite article attached to word

 

Surah Number
Verse Number
آیت نمبر سورت نمبر
95 1
195
3 19
15

 

 

 

 

THE MOON LETTER

When the definite article () is attached to an indefinite word, the TANWEEN (9) changes into a short vowel e.g.
An indefinite word, (e.g.) beginning with a MOON LETTER and with the definite article (1) attached to it, () results in the LAAM (J) being pronounced as a LAAM SAAKIN (). The ALIF () in the definite article becomes HAMZA TUL WASL i.e. the ALIF () is written, but
في الْمَسْجِد is not pronounced when a word or letter precedes it eg
However, if the definite noun () appears as the first word in a sentence then the ALIF () will be pronounced.

 

 

The MOON letters are:

 

 

الاحاديث
Definite article preceded by letter/word
Definite article attached to word
Moon
Letters
Verse Surah Number Number

THE RULES OF STOPPING
و ) If any of these signs |
(9
O appears on the last letter of a word
when a stop is required, then the last letter is with a SAAKIN.

 

Extract from Verse

Verse Number
Extract from Verse
Surah Number
Surah Number
Verse Number

 

 

However, if the last letter has a FATHATAIN or MADD then the last letter is read as if it has a FATHA on it.

 

Extract from Verse
Surah Number
Verse Number
Extract from Verse
Verse
Number
Surah Number

 

 

 

علامات وقف SYMBOLS DENOTING PAUSES

 

Compulsory stop
Surah Number
Verse Number

Symbol

Extract from Verse

 

Necessary stop
Symbol

Extract from Verse

Surah Number
Verse Number

Stop Vocal sound for a moment without breaking the breath.

Symbol

Extract from Verse
Surah Number
Verse Number

 

Symbol

Necessary to continue, do not pause.
Surah Number
Verse Number
Extract from Verse

 

 

علامات وقف Symbols is denoting paused

 

 

.Desirable to continue, do not pause
Surah Number
سورت نمبر
Verse Number

Extract from Verse
Symbol

Recommended pause.
Surah Number
Verse Number
Symbol

 

 

Optional to pause or to continue
Surah Number
Verse Number
آیت نمبر سورت نمبر
Extract from Verse

Any two of the three verses may be read in continuity.

 

Surah Number
Verse Number

Extract from Verse

 

 

 

PROSTRATION IS TO BE MADE WHEN RECITING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING VERSES.
Verse Surah Page Number Number Number
Extract from Verse
Sajda. Number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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